Semax

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide analog of the ACTH (4-10) fragment (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro), developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Unlike the parent ACTH molecule, Semax lacks hormonal (steroidogenic) activity while retaining and enhancing the neurotropic effects associated with the ACTH (4-10) sequence in preclinical models. The addition of the Pro-Gly-Pro C-terminal tripeptide confers resistance to enzymatic degradation and extends the peptide's biological activity in research models.

Preclinical research has characterized Semax's activity in cognitive-research preclinical models in animals, including learning, memory, and attention research markers. A key mechanism involves the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in preclinical brain tissue, particularly in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Studies have also shown that Semax modulates dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems in preclinical systems.

Significant research has investigated Semax in neuroprotective assay models of ischemic stroke. Studies have demonstrated infarct-volume parameter modulation, improvements in neurological research readouts, and modulation of gene-expression patterns related to inflammatory and apoptotic markers following cerebral ischemia in research models. The peptide's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier via intranasal administration has facilitated preclinical research applications.